The last lesson is an interesting memory of a little boy Franz when the Prussian occupation of Alsace and Lorraine led to the imposition of German language in these parts.
The diction employed by the author and the revelation of the childish thoughts of the protagonist weave a memorable kaleidoscope of life in a sleepy village. It is shaken up by the war and all the changes slapped on due to change in governance. Though the village elders realise what is happening, the changes, the surreptitious snatching away of the identity of the people and their inability to resist is sensitively portrayed through the point of view of the narrator, merely a boy then.
The characterisation of the carefree village boy Franz, happy to collect bird's eggs, go for a swim in the river or just watch the Prussians at their drill juxtaposed with that of the experienced old French teacher M. Hamel brings out the innocencet as Franz wonders if the pigeons would be forced to coo in German.
The transition in the attitude of the student who is scared of the teacher's wrath to admiration and understanding, simultaneously the change in the stern teacher to one of soft unconditional love is emotionally stirring.